Sathanur Dam
History of Sathanur Dam: The Sathanur Dam is a massive gravity dam constructed across the Thenpennai River, also known as the Pennaiyar River, nestled among the Chennakesava Hills in the Thandarampet Taluk. The project was initiated during India's First Five Year Plan, with construction beginning in 1953 and the dam becoming operational in 1958. It was officially inaugurated by the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, K. Kamaraj, and was a flagship irrigation project of that era. Its primary purpose is to provide an essential Irrigation Lifeline for the agricultural fields in the Tiruvannamalai and adjoining districts, ensuring food security for the region. The reservoir created by the dam is called the Sathanur Reservoir. Beyond its utilitarian function, the dam site has been meticulously developed into a popular tourist and recreational hub. The vast, well-maintained parks, often used as filming locations for the Tamil film industry, along with a unique crocodile farm and a fish grotto, draw visitors from far and wide, making it a multifaceted attraction. The dam is one of the major dams in Tamil Nadu, showcasing mid-20th-century engineering prowess combined with a commitment to public recreational spaces. The dam plays a critical role in flood control, regulating the flow of the Thenpennai River during the heavy Monsoon season, thereby protecting downstream communities from devastating floods, solidifying its place as a vital regional asset.
General information
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Ideal Duration:
3-4 Hours:Place Type:
Dam, Reservoir, Park, Zoo:Entry Fees:
Dam and Park Entry Fee: The entry fee for the dam area, including the park and gardens, is generally INR 2 to INR 10 per person, which is very nominal. This low fee policy is maintained to encourage public access for all.
Crocodile Farm Fee:Dam and Park Entry Fee: The entry fee for the dam area, including the park and gardens, is generally INR 2 to INR 10 per person, which is very nominal. This low fee policy is maintained to encourage public access for all.
Crocodile Farm Fee: There is often a separate, small fee for entering the Crocodile Farm, typically around INR 5 to INR 10 per person.
Fish Grotto Fee: Access to the Fish Grotto may also require a minor, separate fee, usually around INR 5 to INR 10 per person.
Parking Fees: A nominal fee is charged for parking vehicles, including two-wheelers and cars, at the designated parking areas near the dam complex entrance.
Photography/Camera Fee: While some older signage might mention a fee, it is generally not enforced for personal photography, but visitors should be mindful that professional photography/videography (especially for commercial purposes like film shoots) requires prior permission and a substantial charge. Note that photography is sometimes not allowed near the dam's main structural parts for security reasons.Timing:
Regular Timings: The dam and park complex is generally open from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM or sometimes earlier, such as 8:00 AM to 7:00 PM (confirm locally, but the 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM is the most common time for the park amenities). The site remains open throughout the week, in...Regular Timings: The dam and park complex is generally open from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM or sometimes earlier, such as 8:00 AM to 7:00 PM (confirm locally, but the 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM is the most common time for the park amenities). The site remains open throughout the week, including all public holidays.
Ideal Visit Time: The Ideal Visit Time is during the morning (10:00 AM to 1:00 PM) or the late afternoon (3:00 PM to 5:00 PM) to avoid the intense afternoon sun, especially during Summer and before the Monsoon season.
Best Lighting Hours: For photography, the hours just after opening or just before closing (the 'Golden Hour') offer the best light for capturing the reservoir's serene beauty and the dam's scale.
Crocodile Farm Hours: The Crocodile Farm and Fish Grotto generally operate within the main park hours, typically from 9:00 AM or 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM.Special Events:
Aani Thirumanjanam: While primarily an infrastructure project, the surrounding region and nearby temples observe major Hindu festivals. A significant nearby religious event related to water management is the celebration of Aani Thirumanjanam (in the Tamil month of Aani, Jun...Aani Thirumanjanam: While primarily an infrastructure project, the surrounding region and nearby temples observe major Hindu festivals. A significant nearby religious event related to water management is the celebration of Aani Thirumanjanam (in the Tamil month of Aani, June-July) which is dedicated to Lord Nataraja (Shiva) and is often associated with water-related rituals, although this is more prevalent at temple towns than the dam itself.
Karthikai Deepam Festival: Though centered in Tiruvannamalai City (the main Arunachaleswarar Temple), the spectacular lighting of the beacon atop Arunachala Hill during the Karthikai Deepam festival in November-December draws millions of visitors to the district. Tourists visiting the dam during this time can experience the overall festive atmosphere in the region and may find the dam less crowded, providing a peaceful retreat from the main city's bustle.
Film Shooting Schedules: There is no regular public special event, but an occasional "special event" is a live Film Shooting happening at the picturesque gardens. Tourists who happen to visit during a shoot get a rare glimpse into the movie-making process, a popular form of entertainment in Tamil Nadu.Best Photo Spots:
The Main Dam Viewpoint: The bridge or viewing area across the dam offers the most spectacular view, especially when the reservoir is full and the gates are open, letting the water gush out. The vastness of the water body against the backdrop of the Chennakesava Hills is bre...The Main Dam Viewpoint: The bridge or viewing area across the dam offers the most spectacular view, especially when the reservoir is full and the gates are open, letting the water gush out. The vastness of the water body against the backdrop of the Chennakesava Hills is breathtaking and ideal for wide-angle landscape shots.
Sunset/Sunrise over the Reservoir: The serene environment makes it perfect for capturing the vibrant colors of Sunrise or Sunset reflecting off the expansive surface of the Sathanur Reservoir. The golden hour lighting makes the surrounding hills and the dam structure appear dramatic and majestic.
Themed Park Statues: The unique, miniature forts, castles, and the famous Dinosaur Statue within the park offer excellent, quirky photo opportunities. These spots are particularly popular for family and children's photography, providing a fun and colorful contrast to the rugged dam structure.
Crocodile Farm/Fish Grotto: Though photography restrictions might apply very close to the dam, the Crocodile Farm provides compelling close-up opportunities for nature and wildlife photography (from a safe distance, of course). The Fish Grotto also offers a unique perspective for underwater/aquatic photography if the lighting conditions are right.Photo Gallery
Things To Do
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Explore the Dam Structure and Reservoir: Walk along the designated areas of the dam (where permitted) to appreciate the sheer scale of the masonry structure and the vast expanse of the Sathanur Reservoir, taking in the panoramic view of the Chennakesava Hills.
Visit the Crocodile Farm: Spend time at the large, state-maintained Crocodile Farm, which houses hundreds of crocodiles of various species like the Mugger. This is a fascinating and educational experience, allowing visitors to observe these reptiles in a protected environment and learn about their conservation efforts.
Enjoy the Themed Parks and Gardens: Stroll through the beautifully landscaped gardens that feature various themed installations, miniature architectural models (like forts and castles), and a variety of trees and plants. Fi...Explore the Dam Structure and Reservoir: Walk along the designated areas of the dam (where permitted) to appreciate the sheer scale of the masonry structure and the vast expanse of the Sathanur Reservoir, taking in the panoramic view of the Chennakesava Hills.
Visit the Crocodile Farm: Spend time at the large, state-maintained Crocodile Farm, which houses hundreds of crocodiles of various species like the Mugger. This is a fascinating and educational experience, allowing visitors to observe these reptiles in a protected environment and learn about their conservation efforts.
Enjoy the Themed Parks and Gardens: Stroll through the beautifully landscaped gardens that feature various themed installations, miniature architectural models (like forts and castles), and a variety of trees and plants. Find a shaded spot for a family Picnic or simply relax and enjoy the serene environment.
Enter the Fish Grotto: Visit the unique circular structure built over the water, which allows visitors to observe and feed the many species of fish inhabiting the reservoir through a glass wall. This is a very popular activity, especially with children.
Recreational Activities in the Park: Take advantage of the dedicated areas for children, including the Children's Park with swings and slides, and the Small Zoo (often a mini-zoo with local birds and small animals). A Swimming Pool is also sometimes operational for a refreshing dip (check availability).
Bird Watching and Nature Photography: The reservoir area, especially during the post-monsoon and Winter months, attracts various migratory and local bird species. Carry binoculars for some rewarding Bird Watching and capture the serene moments of wildlife against the backdrop of the hills and water.
Temple Visit: Combine the dam visit with a trip to the nearby Chennakesava Temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu, which is known for its intricate architecture and historical value.
Savor Local Cuisine: Explore local eateries in the nearby Sathanur village for an authentic taste of Tamil Nadu's regional cuisine, such as Dosa, Idli, and freshly prepared snacks.
Information
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Why Famous:
Irrigation Lifeline: The dam's primary fame stems from its crucial role as an Irrigation Lifeline, benefiting thousands of acres of agricultural land in the Tiruvannamalai and Thandarampet blocks via its left and right bank canals, transforming the region's agricultural outp...Irrigation Lifeline: The dam's primary fame stems from its crucial role as an Irrigation Lifeline, benefiting thousands of acres of agricultural land in the Tiruvannamalai and Thandarampet blocks via its left and right bank canals, transforming the region's agricultural output.
Film Shooting Spot: It gained immense popularity, particularly among the general public and nature enthusiasts, due to its beautifully maintained gardens and scenic backdrop, which made it a sought-after location for the Tamil film industry for decades, frequently appearing in songs and movies.
Unique Tourist Amenities: It is famous for hosting a large, government-run Crocodile Farm and a Fish Grotto right near the main dam area, which are unusual amenities to find alongside a major infrastructure project. The presence of these unique attractions makes it a highly popular destination for families, children, and school excursions, offering an educational and recreational experience that sets it apart from other dams in the state.
Kamaraj Era Project: The dam is also historically significant as one of the major irrigation projects inaugurated by Chief Minister K. Kamaraj in the 1950s, symbolizing the post-independence focus on nation-building and agricultural self-sufficiency. -
Architecture:
Dam Type and Dimensions: The Sathanur Dam is a Gravity Dam constructed primarily using masonry (stonework) and concrete, a construction technique reflecting the mid-20th century era's robust engineering methods. The foundation is a solid rock base, providing the structure w...Dam Type and Dimensions: The Sathanur Dam is a Gravity Dam constructed primarily using masonry (stonework) and concrete, a construction technique reflecting the mid-20th century era's robust engineering methods. The foundation is a solid rock base, providing the structure with extremely high bearing strength against water pressure.
Key Measurements: The dam has a total Height from the foundation of about 119 feet (36 meters). Its total Length is approximately 4,500. 59 meters (14,766 feet), making it a massive structure dominating the landscape. The spillway section, designed to safely manage excess water flow during high-flood periods, is of the OGEE type, featuring 122 spillway gates. The Reservoir (Sathanur Reservoir) has a total capacity of approximately 229. 4 MCM or 8. 10 tmc ft, with a full capacity level of 119 feet. The dam's design is based on hydrostatic stability, ensuring each section can stand firm against the horizontal water pressure, which is characteristic of a gravity dam design.
Park Layout: The tourist area includes extensive gardens and parks, featuring miniature forts, castles, and various statues, adding a recreational architectural element to the engineering site. -
How To Reach:
By Air: The nearest major international airport is Chennai International Airport (MAA), approximately 180-200 KMS away. Another relatively closer option is Bengaluru (BLR), approximately 200-220 KMS away. From either airport, one must take a taxi or bus to Tiruvannamalai C...By Air: The nearest major international airport is Chennai International Airport (MAA), approximately 180-200 KMS away. Another relatively closer option is Bengaluru (BLR), approximately 200-220 KMS away. From either airport, one must take a taxi or bus to Tiruvannamalai City, and then a local mode of transport to the dam.
By Train: The nearest major railway station is Tiruvannamalai Railway Station (TNM), which has direct or connecting services from major cities like Chennai, Bengaluru, and Tirupati. From the Tiruvannamalai station, the dam is about 30 KMS and can be reached via a local bus or taxi.
By Road: The dam is well-connected by road. It is located about 30 KMS from Tiruvannamalai City via the Polur Road. State-run SETC and private buses frequently ply between Tiruvannamalai and the nearby towns, with the closest major stop being the Sathanur village bus stand. Self-driving via a car or hired taxi is the most convenient option for a direct, comfortable journey.
By Local Transport: From Tiruvannamalai city center, visitors can easily hire an auto-rickshaw (for a negotiable fare) or a pre-booked taxi/cab for the round trip. Local government and private buses offer a cheaper, though potentially slower, way to reach the nearby Sathanur village, from where the dam is a short walk or auto ride. -
Weather and Best Time to Visit:
Winter Season (November to February): This is the Best Time to Visit. The weather is extremely pleasant, with comfortable temperatures ideal for walking, picnicking, and enjoying the outdoor amenities like the park and crocodile farm without the oppressive heat. The dam's ...Winter Season (November to February): This is the Best Time to Visit. The weather is extremely pleasant, with comfortable temperatures ideal for walking, picnicking, and enjoying the outdoor amenities like the park and crocodile farm without the oppressive heat. The dam's water level is often high after the Northeast Monsoon.
Post-Monsoon Season (October and March): This time offers lush green surroundings and full water levels, providing the most scenic beauty, but the weather can be slightly humid.
Monsoon Season (June to September): This period is ideal for nature enthusiasts to witness the dam at its full capacity, with water gushing over the spillway (if full). However, outdoor activities can be hampered by heavy rainfall, and the air is humid.
Different Parts of the Day: As a day trip destination, the best hours are the early morning (8 AM to 11 AM) and late afternoon (3 PM to 6 PM). Avoid the intense midday heat (12 PM to 3 PM) for outdoor exploration. -
Near Tourist Places:
Pick Up Dam (Sathanur): (Approx. 7-10 Kms) - Another small dam/check dam on the Thenpennai River.
Thandarampet: (Approx. 10 Kms) - Nearby Taluk headquarters.
Arunachaleswarar Temple (Tiruvannamalai City): (Approx. 30 Kms) - The famous Pancha Bhuta Sthalam (Fire element).
Sri Ramana Ashram: (Approx. 32 Kms) - Ashram of Ramana Maharishi.
Gingee Fort (Villupuram District): (Approx. 40 Kms) - The impressive 'Troy of the East'.
Parvathamalai Hill (Trekking): (Approx. 40 Kms) - Popular trekking destination.
Tiruamalai (Jain Temples): (Approx. 48 Kms) - Ancient Jain temples and statues.
Jawadhu Hills: (Starting from Approx. 50 Kms) - Scenic hill range for nature lovers.
Vettavalam Jamin Palace: (Approx. 40 Kms) - Historic palace ruins.
Skandashram (on Arunachala Hill): (Approx. 32 Kms) - Cave associated with Ramana Maharishi.
Tourism Tips
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Health & Safety: Always adhere to the safety guidelines, especially near the dam wall, the spillway area, and the Crocodile Farm. Do not attempt to climb restricted areas. Carry a basic First Aid kit, and keep a close eye on children, especially near water bodies. Be awar...Health & Safety: Always adhere to the safety guidelines, especially near the dam wall, the spillway area, and the Crocodile Farm. Do not attempt to climb restricted areas. Carry a basic First Aid kit, and keep a close eye on children, especially near water bodies. Be aware of the presence of monkeys, which can try to snatch food or belongings in the park areas.
Packing Essentials: Carry Sunscreen, a hat or cap, sunglasses, and comfortable, sturdy footwear, as you will be doing a lot of walking within the dam complex and the park. Bring sufficient drinking water and snacks/packed lunch, as food options inside the complex might be limited or less varied. Carry a good camera to capture the vast landscapes.
Accommodation: While there are no major hotels or resorts at the dam site itself, excellent accommodation options ranging from budget lodges to mid-range hotels and resorts (like Sterling Arunai Anantha) are available in the main Tiruvannamalai City, which is only 30 KMS away and serves as a better base for exploring the entire district.
Local Customs: While not a temple, maintaining decorum is advised, especially when around local families or dignitaries. Do not litter, and respect the environmental sensitivity of the reservoir area.
Photography Restrictions: Be mindful of security-related restrictions; some parts of the dam structure might prohibit photography. Follow all signage posted by the local authorities.
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